Journal: Frontiers in Public Health

Article Title: Low-dose-rate induces more severe cognitive impairment than high-dose-rate in rats exposed to chronic low-dose γ-radiation

doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1387330

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunofluorescence assay revealed different inflammatory response in hippocampus of rats between the LDR and HDR groups. (A) The representative images of FJB-stained section and cell density of FJB + cells in hippocampus. (B) The expression of CD86 in astrocytes in hippocampus. Arrowheads indicate Iba-1 + CD86 + cells. (C) The expression of C3 in astrocytes in hippocampus. Arrowheads indicate C3 + GFAP + cells. Data were given as mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA test followed by LSD was used for statistical analysis ( n = 5). * p < 0.05. Scale, 50 μm.

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies against Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), PI3K, Akt and secondary antibodies were purchased from Servicebio Co, Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Expressing

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: Astrocytes Amplify Neuronal Dendritic Volume Transmission Stimulated by Norepinephrine

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.092

Figure Lengend Snippet: KEY RESOURCES TABLE

Article Snippet: rabbit anti GFAP , Phosphosolution , Cat# 620-GFAP; RRID:AB_2492124.

Techniques: Virus, Plasmid Preparation, Recombinant, Software

Journal: Journal of Clinical Medicine

Article Title: Ursodeoxycholic Acid Halts Pathological Neovascularization in a Mouse Model of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy

doi: 10.3390/jcm9061921

Figure Lengend Snippet: UDCA treatment halts reactive gliosis and preserves neuronal cells in OIR mice. Frozen retinal sections from control mice at P17 (room air), OIR mice, and OIR mice treated with 50 mg/kg UDCA (P7–P17) were stained with ( A ) GFAP antibody. Total protein fractions from control mice (room air), OIR mice at P17, and OIR mice treated with 50 mg/kg UDCA (P7–P17) were used to analyze ( B ) protein levels of GFAP by Western blotting. ( C ) Densitometry graphs showing changes in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) protein expressions. Values are mean ± S.D. ( n = 6 retinas per group). ( D , E ) Frozen retinal sections from control mice at P17 (room air), OIR mice, and OIR mice treated with 50 mg/kg UDCA (P7–P17) were stained with RNA binding protein with multiple splicing (RBPMS) antibody and positive cells were counted. RBPMS data are expressed as cell number/100 μm retinal length and presented as a percent change from control. * p < 0.05 vs. control and # p < 0.05 vs. OIR. GLC: ganglion cell layer; IPL: inner plexiform layer; INL: inner nuclear layer; ONL: outer nuclear layer; RPE: retinal pigmented epithelium; RBPMS: RNA Binding Protein with Multiple Splicing; GFAP: Glial fibrillary acidic protein.

Article Snippet: Slides were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and incubated overnight at 4 °C with anti-mouse primary antibodies used at the following concentrations: 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) (1:100; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (1:200; Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA), and RNA binding protein with multiple splicing (RBPMS) (1:500; GeneTex, Alton Pkwy Irvine, CA, USA).

Techniques: Control, Staining, Western Blot, RNA Binding Assay

Journal: Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology

Article Title: The Expression of Kainate Receptor Subunits in Hippocampal Astrocytes Following Experimentally Induced Status Epilepticus

doi: 10.1097/NEN.0b013e3182a4b266

Figure Lengend Snippet: Colocalization analysis for all kainic acid receptor (KAR) subunits at 1 week post-kainic acid (KA)-induced status epilepticus (SE) vs. control. Colocalization areas were measured for each series of optical sections through the tissue slice. Sections (3 per brain) were stained for each KAR subunit and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and the results were averaged. Very little to no colocalization was seen in GFAP-positive astrocytes in naïve control tissue (n = 5), and was below the experimentally derived limit of detection (dotted line = mean + 1 SD of colocalization area from combined primary antibody omission slides). For KA-treated tissue samples (n = 6 for each subunit), the GluK1 and GluK4 subunits showed the greatest colocalization followed by modest colocalization of GluK2/3 and GluK5. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. ns = not significant, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Membranes were then probed with primary antibodies against GFAP (BD Scientific, San Jose, CA, 610565, 1:1000), PSD-95 (NeuroMab, Davis, CA, 1:1000), and GluK4 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, ab10101, 1:1000) overnight and then washed in Tris buffered saline with Tween (0.05% Tween 20).

Techniques: Staining, Derivative Assay

Journal: Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology

Article Title: The Expression of Kainate Receptor Subunits in Hippocampal Astrocytes Following Experimentally Induced Status Epilepticus

doi: 10.1097/NEN.0b013e3182a4b266

Figure Lengend Snippet: Colocalization analysis for kainic acid receptor (KAR) subunits at 8 weeks post-kainic acid (KA)-induced status epilepticus (SE) vs. control. Very little to no colocalization was seen in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes in naïve control tissue (n = 5) and was below the experimentally derived limit of detection (dotted line = mean + 1 SD of colocalization area from combined primary antibody omission slides). For the KA-treated tissue (n = 5 for each subunit), only the GluK1 and GluK5 subunits showed statistically significant colocalization. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. ns = not significant, *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Membranes were then probed with primary antibodies against GFAP (BD Scientific, San Jose, CA, 610565, 1:1000), PSD-95 (NeuroMab, Davis, CA, 1:1000), and GluK4 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, ab10101, 1:1000) overnight and then washed in Tris buffered saline with Tween (0.05% Tween 20).

Techniques: Derivative Assay

Journal: Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology

Article Title: The Expression of Kainate Receptor Subunits in Hippocampal Astrocytes Following Experimentally Induced Status Epilepticus

doi: 10.1097/NEN.0b013e3182a4b266

Figure Lengend Snippet: Kainic acid receptor (KAR) subunit colocalization with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes following kainic acid (KA)-induced status epilepticus (SE) is not observed in all brain regions. The KAR subunits that showed the greatest colocalization in the hippocampal CA1 region 1 week post-SE (GluK1 and GluK4) were analyzed for colocalization in alternate brain regions. (A) Example image of staining for the GluK4 receptor subunit in the striatum of an animal 1 week post-KA-induced SE. (B) In this region GFAP expression is significantly increased in animals 1 week post-KA-induced SE (n = 6) compared to control (n = 5). (C) Even though GFAP expression is increased, the resulting colocalization analysis of the GluK1 and GluK4 subunits showed lack of colocalization 1 week post-KA-induced SE (n = 6) vs. control (n = 5) in the striatum. Lack of colocalization was also noted in the brain stem and olfactory bulb of KA-treated animals (data not shown). Dotted line = mean +1 SD of colocalization area from combined primary antibody omission slide; NS = not significant; * = p < 0.05, scale bar = 50 µm.

Article Snippet: Membranes were then probed with primary antibodies against GFAP (BD Scientific, San Jose, CA, 610565, 1:1000), PSD-95 (NeuroMab, Davis, CA, 1:1000), and GluK4 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, ab10101, 1:1000) overnight and then washed in Tris buffered saline with Tween (0.05% Tween 20).

Techniques: Staining, Expressing

Journal: Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology

Article Title: The Expression of Kainate Receptor Subunits in Hippocampal Astrocytes Following Experimentally Induced Status Epilepticus

doi: 10.1097/NEN.0b013e3182a4b266

Figure Lengend Snippet: Western blot analysis of glial-enriched tissue fractions reveals kainic acid receptor (KAR) expression in animals 1 week following kainic acid (KA)-induced status epilepticus (SE). (A) Demonstration of enrichment technique. Equal amounts of protein from enriched neuronal and glial fractions from the same preparation were probed for their immunoreactivity to the neuronal marker PSD-95 and glial marker (GFAP). The glial fraction has less PSD-95 reactivity and greater GFAP reactivity vs. the neuronal fraction. (B) Enriched glial fractions demonstrate increased GluK4 receptor subunit immunoreactivity in animals 1 week post-KA-induced SE (n = 4) vs. control animals (n = 4). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. For sample bands, CTR = control, KAT = KA-treated, *p < 0.05

Article Snippet: Membranes were then probed with primary antibodies against GFAP (BD Scientific, San Jose, CA, 610565, 1:1000), PSD-95 (NeuroMab, Davis, CA, 1:1000), and GluK4 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, ab10101, 1:1000) overnight and then washed in Tris buffered saline with Tween (0.05% Tween 20).

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Marker